TY - BOOK AU - Witt,Jon TI - Soc SN - 9780073528243 (alk. paper) AV - HM586 .W58 2009 U1 - 301 22 PY - 2009/// CY - New York PB - McGraw-Hill KW - Sociology N1 - Includes bibliographical references (p. [379]-399) and index; 1 The Sociological Imagination WHAT IS SOCIOLOGY? The Sociological Imagination A Hamburger Is a Miracle Sociology Is¿ Systematic Study The Individual Society The Consequences of Difference Sociology and the Social Sciences Sociology and Common Sense WHAT IS SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY? Formulating Sociological Theories Testing Sociological Theories Applying Sociological Theories THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIOLOGY Social Order Power and Inequality Interaction Groups and Opportunity Pursuing Social Change PRACTICING SOCIOLOGY Applied Sociology Clinical Sociology DEVELOPING A SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION 2 Sociological Research STEPS IN THE RESEARCH PROCESS Defining the Problem Reviewing the Literature Formulating the Hypothesis Collecting and Analyzing Data Selecting the Sample Ensuring Validity and Reliability Developing the Conclusion Supporting Hypotheses Controlling for Other Factors In Summary: The Research Process MAJOR RESEARCH DESIGNS Surveys Issues in Designing Surveys Types of Surveys Quantitative and Qualitative Research Observation Experiments Use of Existing Sources RESEARCH ETHICS Confidentiality Research Funding Value Neutrality Feminist Methodology 3 Culture CULTURE AND SOCIETY THE DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURE AROUND THE WORLD Cultural Universals Innovation Globalization and Diffusion ELEMENTS OF CULTURE Material Culture and Technology Language Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis Nonverbal Communication Values Norms Types of Norms Acceptance of Norms Sanctions CULTURE AND THE DOMINANT IDEOLOGY CULTURAL VARIATION Aspects of Cultural Variation Subcultures Countercultures Culture Shock Attitudes toward Cultural Variation Ethnocentrism Cultural Relativism 4 Socialization THE ROLE OF SOCIALIZATION Social Environment: The Impact of Isolation Extreme Childhood Isolation Primate Studies The Influence of Heredity THE SELF AND SOCIALIZATION Sociological Approaches to the Self Cooley: Looking-Glass Self Mead: Stages of the Self The Preparatory Stage The Play Stage The Game Stage Goffman: Presentation of the Self Psychological Approaches to the Self AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION Family Cultural Influences The Impact of Race and Gender School Peer Group Mass Media and Technology Workplace Religion and the State SOCIALIZATION THROUGHOUT THE LIFE COURSE The Life Course Anticipatory Socialization and Resocialization Role Transitions during the Life Course Adjusting to Retirement 5 Social Structure and Social Interaction SOCIAL INTERACTION ELEMENTS OF SOCIAL STRUCTURE Statuses Ascribed and Achieved Status Master Status Social Roles Role Conflict Role Strain Role Exit Groups Primary and Secondary Groups In-Groups and Out-Groups Reference Groups Coalitions Social Networks Virtual Worlds Social Institutions BUREAUCRACY Characteristics of a Bureaucracy Division of Labor Hierarchy of Authority Written Rules and Regulations Impersonality Employment Based on Technical Qualifications Bureaucratization as a Way of Life The Spread of Bureaucratization From Bureaucracy to Oligarchy Bureaucracy and Organizational Culture SOCIAL STRUCTURE IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft Mechanical and Organic Solidarity Technology and Society Preindustrial Societies Industrial Societies Postindustrial Societies Postmodern Life Stories Images Choices Networks 6 Social Control, Deviance, and Crime SOCIAL CONTROL Conformity and Obedience Informal and Formal Social Control Law and Society DEVIANCE What Behavior is Deviant? Deviance and Social Stigma CRIME Official Crime Reports Trends in Crime Limitations of Crime Statistics White-Collar Crime Victimless Crimes Organized Crime International Crime Transnational Crime International Crime Rates SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON DEVIANCE AND CRIME Social Order, Deviance, and Crime Durkheim¿s Theory of Deviance Merton¿s Theory of Deviance Interpersonal Interaction and Local Context Cultural Transmission Social Disorganization Theory Labeling Theory Power and Inequality Race and Class Gender 7 Families GLOBAL VIEW OF THE FAMILY Substance: What a Family Is Kinship Patterns Family Types Types of Marriage Functions: What Families Do Authority Patterns: Who Rules? MARRIAGE AND FAMILY Courtship and Mate Selection Variations in Family Life and Intimate Relationships Social Class Differences Racial and Ethnic Differences Child-Rearing Patterns Parenthood and Grandparenthood Adoption Dual-Income Families Single-Parent Families Stepfamilies DIVORCE Statistical Trends in Divorce Factors Associated with Divorce Impact of Divorce on Children DIVERSE LIFESTYLES Cohabitation Remaining Single Marriage without Children Lesbian and Gay Relationships 8 Education and Religion EDUCATION IN SOCIETY SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON EDUCATION Education and Social Order Transmitting Culture Promoting Social Integration Training and Social Control Cultural Innovation Education and Inequality The Hidden Curriculum Teacher Expectancy Bestowal of Status Credentialism Gender SCHOOLS AS FORMAL ORGANIZATIONS Bureaucratization of Schools Teaching as a Profession Student Subcultures Homeschooling DEFINING RELIGION What Religion Is What Religions Do COMPONENTS OF RELIGION Belief Ritual Experience Community Ecclesiae Denominations Sects Cults or New Religious Movements Comparing Forms of Religious Organization WORLD RELIGIONS SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON RELIGION Integration Social Change The Weberian Thesis Liberation Theology Social Control Marx on Religion Gender and Religion 9 Government and the Economy POWER AND AUTHORITY Power Types of Authority Traditional Authority Rational-Legal Authority Charismatic Authority ECONOMIC SYSTEMS Capitalism Socialism The Mixed Economy The Informal Economy CHANGING ECONOMIES The Changing Face of the Workforce Deindustrialization Microfinancing TYPES OF GOVERNMENT Monarchy Oligarchy Dictatorship and Totalitarianism Democracy POLITICAL BEHAVIOR IN THE UNITED STATES Participation and Apathy Race and Gender in Politics THE POWER STRUCTURE IN THE UNITED STATES Power Elite Models Mills¿s Model Domhoff¿s Model Pluralist Model WAR AND PEACE War Terrorism Peace 10 Social Class UNDERSTANDING STRATIFICATION Systems of Stratification Slavery Castes Estates Social Classes Social Mobility Open versus Closed Stratification Systems Types of Social Mobility Sociological Perspectives on Stratification Marx on Class Weber¿s Multidimensional Model Bourdieu and Cultural Capital Material, Social, and Cultural Resources SOCIAL CLASS IN THE UNITED STATES Cultural Capital Status and Prestige Occupational Prestige Socioeconomic Status Income and Wealth Income Wealth The Shrinking Middle Class Poverty Defining Poverty Who Are the Poor? Social Mobility Occupational Mobility Income and Wealth Education The Impact of Race and Ethnicity The Impact of Gender Life Chances 11 Global Inequality THE GLOBAL DIVIDE PERSPECTIVES ON GLOBAL STRATIFICATION Modernization The Legacy of Colonialism Multinational Corporations Modernization Dependency STRATIFICATION AROUND THE WORLD Income and Wealth Poverty Social Mobility Intergenerational Mobility across Nations Gender Differences and Mobility Social Stratification in Mexico Mexico¿s Economy Race Relations in Mexico: The Color Hierarchy The Status of Women in Mexico The Borderlands Emigration to the United States UNIVERSAL HUMAN RIGHTS Defining Human Rights Principle and Practice Human Rights Activism 12 Gender and Age SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF GENDER Sex and Gender Gender Roles in the United States Gender-Role Socialization Women¿s Gender Roles Men¿s Gender Roles Gender across Cultures GENDER AND INEQUALITY Women in the United States Labor Force Participation Income Home and Work Politics Women Around the World Sexism and Discrimination WORKING FOR CHANGE: WOMEN¿S MOVEMENTS The First Wave The Second Wave Feminism Today AGING AND SOCIETY PERSPECTIVES ON AGING Disengagement Theory Activity Theory Ageism and Discrimination AGING IN THE UNITED STATES The Graying of America Wealth and Income Competition in the Labor Force Death and Dying 13 Race and Ethnicity RACIAL AND ETHNIC GROUPS Race Social Construction of Race Multiple Identities Ethnicity PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION Prejudice Discrimination Discriminatory Behavior The Glass Ceiling Racial Profiling The Privileges of the Dominant Institutional Discrimination SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON RACE AND ETHNICITY Social Order and Inequality The Contact Hypothesis Patterns of Intergroup Relations Genocide Expulsion Amalgamation Assimilation Segregation Pluralism RACE AND ETHNICITY IN THE UNITED STATES Racial Groups African Americans Native Americans Asian Americans Vietnamese Americans Chinese Americans Japanese Americans Korean Americans Arab Americans Ethnic Groups Latinos Mexican Americans Puerto Ricans Cuban Americans Jewish Americans White Ethnics IMMIGRATION Immigration Trends Immigration Policies 14 Health, Medicine, and Environment CULTURE, SOCIETY, AND HEALTH SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON HEALTH AND ILLNESS Illness and Social Order Power, Resources, and Health The Medicalization of Society Inequities in Health Care Labeling and Power Negotiating Cures SOCIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY Social Class Race and Ethnicity Gender Age HEALTH CARE IN THE UNITED STATES A Historical View The Role of Government Physicians, Nurses, and Patients Alternatives to Traditional Health Care SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE ENVIRONMENT Human Ecology Power, Resources, and the Environment Environmental Justice ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS Air Pollution Water Pollution Global Warming Global Response 15 Social Change and the Global Community GLOBAL SOCIAL CHANGE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON SOCIAL CHANGE Evolution of Societies Equilibrium and Social Order Resources, Power, and Change TECHNOLOGY AND THE FUTURE Computer Technology Privacy and Censorship in a Global Village Biotechnology and the Gene Pool Resistance to Technology SOCIAL MOVEMENTS Relative Deprivation Resource Mobilization Approach Gender and Social Movements New Social Movements Communications and the Globalization of Social Movements SOCIOLOGY IS A VERB Personal Sociology Public Sociology: Tools for Change Practicing Sociology ER -