Includes bibliographical references and index.

Part 1: General Principles Of Pharmacology -- 1: Introduction to pharmacology: role of dental hygienist, regulations and sources of information -- History of drugs -- Sources of drugs -- Drug nomenclature -- Drug equivalency -- Drug classification -- Regulatory agencies in the United States and Canada -- FDA approval process for new drugs -- Drug trials -- US legislation that affects narcotics -- Canadian regulatory agencies -- Canadian legislation that affects narcotics -- Drug information sources -- Roles of the dental hygienist -- Drug card preparation -- Conclusion -- 2: General principles of pharmacology -- Pharmacodynamics -- Receptors -- Chemical bonds -- Attractive forces between drugs and receptors -- Potency -- Antagonists -- Receptor classification -- Toxicity -- Median effective dose or lethal dose -- Pharmacokinetics -- Passage across biologic membranes -- Absorption -- Routes of administration -- Distribution of drugs -- Metabolism -- Excretion -- Half-life of a drug -- Conclusion -- 3: Principles of prescription writing and other pharmacotherapeutic considerations -- Prescription writing and prescription for a controlled substance -- Rules for prescription witting -- Parts of the prescription -- Heading -- Body -- Closing -- Compliance -- Counseling for a prescription -- Role of the registered dental hygienist -- Antibiotic prophylaxis -- Medication for emergency use -- Metric and household measures -- Abbreviations -- Dose calculations for the pediatric patient -- Regulations for prescribing controlled substances -- Controlled substance schedules -- Rules for prescribing scheduled drugs -- Responsibilities of the practitioner -- Triplicate prescription blanks -- Canadian drug schedules -- Conclusion -- 4: Autonomic pharmacology -- Autonomic nervous system -- Subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system -- Terminology -- Receptors -- Neurotransmitters -- Anatomy -- Autonomic nervous system responses in specific tissues -- Cholinergic effects -- Synthesis and termination of acetylcholine -- Adreneregic effects -- Effects in tissues -- Synthesis and termination of norepinephrine -- Cholinergic drugs -- Anticholinesterase drugs -- Cholinergic blocking agents -- Adrenergic drugs -- Mechanism of action -- Adrenergic blocking agents -- Dental hygiene implications -- Cholinergic drugs -- Adrenergic drugs -- Conclusion -- 5: Adverse drug effects -- Aleration of drug effects -- Etiology and epidemiology -- Types of adverse drug effects -- Mechanisms associated with type-A reactions -- Mechanisms associated with type-B reactions -- Clinical manifestations of adverse drug effects -- Clinical manifestations of type-A reactions -- Clinical manifestations of type-B reactions -- Preventing adverse drug events -- Accurate diagnosis -- Benefits versus risk of drug therapy -- Oral health education -- Conclusion -- Part 2: Drugs Used In The Provision Of Oral Healthcare -- 6: Local anesthetics: topical and injectable -- History -- Procaine -- Local anesthetics -- General characteristics of local anesthetic agents -- Classification of agents -- Parmacodynamic considerations -- Site of action -- Physiologic nerve conduction -- Mechanism of action -- Pharmacokinetic considerations -- Absorption -- Distribution, metabolism, and excretion -- Parmacotherapeutic considerations -- Local anesthetic cartridge -- Injectable local anesthetic preparations -- Topical anesthetic agents -- Adverse drug events -- Tachyphylaxis -- Toxic reactions -- Dental hygiene applications -- Calculation of vasoconstrictor -- Conclusion -- 7: Topical agents: anticaries, antigingivitis, and desensitizing agents -- Anticaries agents -- Systemic and topical fluorides -- Fluoride preparations -- Xylitol products -- Chlorhexidine -- Miscellaneous anticaries products -- Antigingivitis products -- Chlorhexidine -- Essential oils -- Triclosan -- Stannous fluoride -- Dentinal desensitization -- Dentinal hyperalgesia -- Preparations and mechanism of action -- Dental hygiene applications -- Caries prevention -- Antigingivitis products -- Desensitization -- 8: Nonopioid and opioid analgesics -- Physiology and epidemiology of pain -- Activation of acute (nociceptive) pain pathways -- Intrinsic expression of inflammatory pain -- Role of the higher central nervous system in pain -- Acute odontogenic pain -- Analgesics -- Parmacodynamic considerations -- Pharmacokinetic considerations -- Pharmacotherapeutic considerations -- Adverse drug events -- Dental hygiene applications -- Conclusion -- 9: Antibacterial drugs -- Indications for antibacterial drugs -- Indications forantibacteriall agents -- Normal flora and infection -- Pharmacotherapeutic basis of antibacterial chemotherapy -- Rules for antibacterial drug selection -- Factors that influence antibacterial effectiveness -- Mechanisms of action -- Parmacodynamic considerations -- Pharmacokinetic considerations -- Odontogenic infection -- Indications for antibacterialss in oral infection -- Therapeutic strategies in the treatment of odontogenic infections -- Primary line of antibacteriall chemotherapy -- Secondary line of antibacteriall chemotherapy -- Tertiary line of antibacterial chemotherapy -- Locally applied antibiotics -- Other agents -- Antibiotic prophylaxis -- Patient with total joint replacement -- Prophylaxis for the prevention of infective endocarditis -- Special considerations -- Antibiotic-associated adverse drug events -- Drug-drug interactions -- Antibacterial agents and oral contraceptives -- Gastrointestinal disturbances -- Oral side effects --Antibacteriall drugs and pregnancy -- Allergicreactionss -- Dental hygiene applications -- Agents prescribed in the dental office -- Agents prescribed in a medical facility -- Antibiotic prophylaxis -- Conclusion -- 10: Antifungal and antiviral drugs -- Antifungal agents -- Pharmacologic basis for antifungal therapy -- Inhibitors of ergosterol synthesis -- Ergosterol-binding drugs -- Pharmacotherapeutic considerations -- Antiviral agents -- Clinical manifestations of orolabial herpetic infections -- Parmacologic therapy -- Strategies to prevent cross-infection in the oral health care setting -- Antiviral treatment for HIV infection and hepatitis -- Inhibitors of viralattachmentt and entry -- Anti-HIV and anti-HBV nucleoside analogs -- Dental hygiene applications -- Conclusion -- 11: Conscious sedation and general anesthesia -- Use of nitrous oxide in the oral health care setting -- Conscious sedation -- Induction of general anesthesia -- General anesthesia -- Induction of anesthesia -- Dental hygiene applications -- Conclusion --

12: Drugs for medical emergencies -- Determine the risk status -- Know what to look for -- Develop an office protocol for emergency management -- Check emergency equipment and medications regularly -- Maintenance of basic life support -- Medical emergency situations -- Autonomic response in the seated position -- Primary drugs in an emergency kit -- Medical conditions -- Accessory equipment -- Secondary emergency drugs -- Dental hygiene applications -- Conclusion -- 13: Pharmacologic management of selected oral conditions -- Acute odontogenic pain -- Pharmacologic therapies -- Oral mucosal conditions -- Oral lichen planus -- Recurrent aphthous stomatitis/ulcertion -- Erythema multiforme -- Cicatricial pemphigoid -- Actinic cheilosis -- Herpetic infection -- Candidiasis -- Xerostomia -- Pericoronitis -- Alveolar osteitis -- Stomatitis -- Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis -- Burning mouth disorder -- Dental hygiene applications -- Conclusion -- Part 3: Drugs Used To Control Systemic Disorders -- 14: Drugs of the endocrine system and metabolic agents -- Endocrine system -- Pituitary gland -- Adrenal hormones -- Glucocorticosteroids -- Hormones of reproduction -- Estrogens -- Thyroid hormones -- Thyroid drugs in the top 200 -- Antithyroid hormones -- Parathyroid hormones -- Adverse drug effects -- Clinical implications -- Bisphosphonate derivatives -- Drugs in the top 200 -- Pancreatic hormones -- Medical management -- Insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents -- Insulins and antidiabetic drugs in the tip 200 -- Indications -- Adverse drug effects -- Potential medical emergencies -- Potential drug-drug interactions in the dental setting -- Clinical considerations -- Dental hygiene applications -- Patients taking oral glucocorticosteroids -- Patients taking thyroid hormone or antithyroid drugs -- Patients taking bisphosphonates -- Patients taking antidiabetic agents -- Conclusion -- 15: Gastrointestinal system drugs -- Gastroesophageal reflux disease -- Symptoms of GERD -- Medical treatment -- Peptic ulcer disease -- Physiologic protective effects -- Symptoms of peptic ulcer disease -- Medical treatment -- Constipation -- Medical treatment -- Diarrhea -- Medical treatment -- Irritable bowel syndrome -- Nausea and vomiting -- Antiemetic agents -- Medical treatment -- Urinary antispasmotics -- Mechanism of action -- Dental hygiene applications -- Gastroesophageal reflux disease -- 16: Respiratory system drugs -- Respiratory system -- Types of Hypoxia -- Diseases of the upper respiratory tract -- Diseases of the lower respiratory tract -- Dental hygiene applications -- Conclusion --17: Cardiovascular system drugs -- Cardiovascular disease -- Dental implications of cardiovascular disease -- Hypertension -- Coronary artery disease -- Cardiac arrhythmia -- Thromboembolytic complications of cardiovascular disease -- Heart failure -- Dental hygiene applications -- Conclusion -- 18: Clinical implications for central nervous system drugs -- Anxiety -- Medical illness -- Psychiatric illness -- Antianxiety agents -- Dental considerations for antianxiety agents -- Depressive disorders -- Depression -- Management considerations -- Mania -- Schizophrenia -- Insomnia -- Pharmacologic treatment -- Parkinson disease or syndrome -- Medical management -- Management considerations -- Dental hygiene applications -- Conclusion -- 19: Anticonvulsant drugs -- Seizure disorder -- Types of seizures -- Treatment of epilepsy -- Medical management of chronic (neuropathic) pain -- Dental hygiene applications -- Relevance of questioning in patient assessment -- Conclusion -- Part 4: Drugs Used By Special Populations -- 20: Herbal and dietary supplements -- Herbal and nutritional supplements -- Safety of herbal and nutritional supplements -- Evidence base for dietary supplements -- Herbal products in dentistry -- Dental hygiene applications -- Conclusion -- 21: Women's issues: pregnancy, lactation, menopause and osteoporosis -- Physiology of pregnancy -- Pregnancy and the cardiovascular system -- Pregnancy and the respiratory system -- Pregnancy and the renal system -- Pregnancy and the gastrointestinal system -- Complications of pregnancy -- Drugs and pregnancy -- Dental management during pregnancy and lactation -- Menopausal patient -- Hormone replacement therapy -- Oral changes in menopause -- Cardiovascular disease -- Dental management -- Dental hygiene applications -- Pregnancy and lactation -- Menopause and osteoporosis -- Conclusion -- 22: Cancer chemotherapy -- Pathophysiology of malignancy -- Cell cycle -- Pharmacologic basis of anticancer chemotherapy -- Pharmacodynamic considerations -- Adverse drug effects -- Complication of chemotherapy -- Dental hygiene applications -- Conclusion -- 23: Substance abuse -- Substance or drug abuse -- Stages of substance abuse -- Addiction -- Etiologic factors -- Professional implications -- Drugs of abuse -- CNS depressants -- Hallucinogens -- Substance abuse treatment -- Dental hygiene applications -- Conclusion -- 24: Joint disorders: inflammatory arthropathies and gout -- Joint disorders -- Acute infectious arthritis -- Inflammatory arthropathies -- Less inflammatory arthropathies -- Pharmacologic therapy -- Clinical considerations -- Gout -- Pharmacologic therapy -- Dental hygiene applications -- Conclusion -- Appendix -- Answers to clinical application exercises -- Glossary -- Index.